The Golkonda Sultanate was a medieval Islamic state in southern India, established in the 14th century. It was known for its rich culture, architecture, and trade, particularly in diamonds. The capital, Golkonda, was famous for its fort and the nearby diamond mines, which produced some of the world's most renowned gems, including the Koh-i-Noor. The sultanate was ruled by the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which contributed significantly to the region's art and architecture, blending Persian and Indian styles. The Golkonda Sultanate thrived until the late 17th century when it fell to the Mughal Empire, marking the end of its independence.