The Golconda Sultanate was a medieval Islamic state in southern India, established in the 14th century. It was known for its rich diamond mines, particularly in the region of Golconda, which produced famous diamonds like the Koh-i-Noor. The sultanate was a significant center of trade and culture, influencing art, architecture, and literature. The sultanate reached its peak under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which lasted until the late 17th century. The capital, also named Golconda, featured impressive fortifications and palaces. Eventually, the sultanate fell to the expanding Mughal Empire and was absorbed into the larger political landscape of India.