A global pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people. It often occurs when a new virus, such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19, emerges and is easily transmitted from person to person. Pandemics can lead to significant health, social, and economic impacts worldwide. Governments and health organizations, like the World Health Organization (WHO), work together to manage pandemics by implementing measures such as travel restrictions, vaccination campaigns, and public health guidelines. These efforts aim to control the spread of the disease and protect public health.