Global Climate Models (GCMs) are computer simulations that help scientists understand and predict climate changes over time. They use mathematical equations to represent the interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice. By analyzing historical climate data, GCMs can project future climate scenarios based on different levels of greenhouse gas emissions. These models are essential for studying the impacts of climate change, such as rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns. GCMs are used by researchers and policymakers to inform decisions related to climate adaptation, mitigation strategies, and environmental planning, helping societies prepare for potential future challenges.