Glacial geology is the study of landforms and sediments created by the movement of glaciers. Glaciers are large masses of ice that flow slowly over land, shaping the landscape through processes like erosion and deposition. As they advance and retreat, they carve out valleys, create moraines, and leave behind various sediment types. This field also examines the effects of past glacial periods, known as ice ages, on Earth's surface. By analyzing features such as drumlins and eskers, scientists can understand how glaciers influenced the environment and contributed to the formation of current landscapes.