The Gilded Age refers to a period in American history from the 1870s to about 1900, characterized by rapid economic growth and industrialization. This era saw the rise of major industries, such as steel and railroads, and significant figures like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller became prominent. However, this growth often masked social issues, including poverty and labor exploitation. During the Gilded Age, urbanization increased as people moved to cities for jobs, leading to overcrowded living conditions. The era also witnessed the rise of labor unions advocating for workers' rights and reforms, as well as political corruption and the influence of big business on government policies.