German literature has a rich and diverse history, spanning from the medieval period to contemporary works. It includes influential figures such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller, who shaped the literary landscape with their poetry and plays. In the 19th century, movements like Romanticism and Realism emerged, reflecting the complexities of German society. Authors like Thomas Mann and Franz Kafka explored themes of identity and existentialism, leaving a lasting impact on world literature.