In Germany, criminal cases are handled within a structured legal system that emphasizes the rule of law. The process typically begins with an investigation by the police, who gather evidence and interview witnesses. If sufficient evidence is found, the case is forwarded to a public prosecutor, who decides whether to file charges in court. During a trial, both the prosecution and defense present their arguments and evidence before a judge or a panel of judges. The German legal system operates on the principle of "in dubio pro reo," meaning that if there is reasonable doubt about a defendant's guilt, they are presumed innocent.