Gerd, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This can cause symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. It occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that normally keeps stomach contents from rising, weakens or relaxes improperly. Lifestyle factors, such as diet and obesity, can contribute to Gerd. Common triggers include spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol. Treatment options often involve dietary changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery. Managing Gerd is important to prevent complications like esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus, which can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.