Geothermal energy harnesses the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface to generate electricity and provide direct heating. This renewable energy source is sustainable and has a low environmental impact, making it an attractive alternative to fossil fuels. The process involves tapping into hot water or steam reservoirs found underground, which can be used to drive turbines for electricity generation or for heating buildings directly. Countries like Iceland and United States are leading the way in utilizing geothermal resources, showcasing its potential as a reliable energy source.