Georg Lukács was a Hungarian philosopher and literary critic, born in 1885 and known for his contributions to Marxist theory. He played a significant role in the development of Western Marxism and emphasized the importance of historical context in understanding literature and society. His works often explored the relationship between class consciousness and capitalism. Lukács is best known for his book, History and Class Consciousness, published in 1923, where he argued that individuals' perceptions are shaped by their social conditions. He also contributed to discussions on aesthetics and the role of art in society, advocating for a dialectical approach to understanding culture and ideology.