Geological activity refers to the processes and events that shape the Earth's structure and surface. This includes phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the movement of tectonic plates. These activities are driven by the Earth's internal heat and the dynamic nature of its crust. The effects of geological activity can be seen in the formation of mountains, valleys, and other landforms. For example, the Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. Understanding geological activity helps scientists predict natural disasters and study the Earth's history.