Antarctica is the southernmost continent, located around the South Pole. It is the fifth-largest continent, covering about 14 million square kilometers. The landscape is dominated by ice sheets, glaciers, and mountain ranges, with the Antarctic Ice Sheet containing around 60% of the world's fresh water. The continent is surrounded by the Southern Ocean, which plays a crucial role in global climate and ocean circulation. The geography of Antarctica is characterized by extreme conditions, including frigid temperatures and strong winds. The highest point is Vinson Massif, reaching 4,892 meters above sea level. Despite its harsh environment, Antarctica is home to unique ecosystems, including species like the Emperor penguin and Weddell seal, which have adapted to survive in this icy habitat.