The geography of Ancient Israel was diverse, featuring coastal plains, mountain ranges, and desert regions. The Jordan River flowed through the land, providing a vital water source, while the Mediterranean Sea to the west offered trade routes and fishing opportunities. The region's varied climate supported agriculture, with fertile areas like the Jezreel Valley. The mountainous terrain included the Galilee in the north and the Judean Hills in the south. This landscape influenced the development of cities such as Jerusalem and Hebron, which were strategically located for defense and trade. The geography played a crucial role in the history and culture of the people living there.