Geographical formations are natural features on the Earth's surface, shaped by various processes over time. These formations include mountains, valleys, rivers, and plains, each created through processes like erosion, sedimentation, and tectonic activity. For example, the Himalayas were formed by the collision of tectonic plates, while river valleys are often carved out by flowing water. Different geographical formations influence climate, ecosystems, and human activities. Mountains can create barriers that affect weather patterns, while plains are often fertile areas suitable for agriculture. Understanding these formations helps us appreciate the Earth's diversity and the interactions between natural and human systems.