Geographical exploration refers to the investigation and mapping of the Earth's surface, often leading to the discovery of new lands and resources. This practice has been crucial in expanding human knowledge about the planet, influencing trade, culture, and politics throughout history. Notable explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan played significant roles in this field, paving the way for future generations. The process of geographical exploration involves various methods, including navigation, surveying, and remote sensing. These techniques help scientists and researchers understand the Earth's landscapes, climates, and ecosystems, ultimately contributing to better environmental management and conservation efforts.