Genotyping is the process of determining the genetic makeup of an individual by analyzing their DNA. This involves identifying specific variations in genes, known as alleles, which can provide insights into traits, diseases, and ancestry. Genotyping is commonly used in research, medicine, and agriculture to understand genetic diversity and improve breeding programs. The techniques used in genotyping include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. These methods allow scientists to compare genetic information across different individuals or populations. By understanding genetic differences, researchers can make informed decisions in fields like personalized medicine and conservation biology.