Genome mapping is the process of determining the location and arrangement of genes on a chromosome. This technique helps scientists understand the structure of an organism's DNA and identify specific genes associated with traits or diseases. By creating a map, researchers can better study genetic variations and their effects on health and development. There are two main types of genome mapping: physical mapping and genetic mapping. Physical mapping focuses on the actual distance between genes, while genetic mapping uses the frequency of recombination between genes to estimate their relative positions. Both methods are essential for advancing our knowledge of genetics and improving biomedical research.