Genome assembly is the process of piecing together the complete DNA sequence of an organism from smaller fragments. This is essential for understanding the genetic makeup and functions of the organism. Scientists use various computational methods to align and merge these fragments, creating a continuous sequence that represents the entire genome. The assembled genome can provide insights into gene functions, evolutionary relationships, and potential medical applications. By comparing assembled genomes across different species, researchers can identify conserved genes and variations that contribute to traits and diseases, enhancing our understanding of biology and genetics.