Genetic exchange refers to the process by which genetic material is transferred between organisms. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as sexual reproduction, where genes from two parents combine to create offspring, or through horizontal gene transfer, which allows bacteria to share genes directly with one another. This exchange of genetic information contributes to genetic diversity, enabling populations to adapt to changing environments. It plays a crucial role in evolution, as it can introduce new traits and enhance survival. Understanding genetic exchange is essential in fields like genetics, evolutionary biology, and medicine.