Gene transfer is the process by which genetic material, such as DNA, is moved from one organism to another. This can occur naturally, as seen in bacteria through a process called horizontal gene transfer, where genes are exchanged between different species. It can also be done artificially in laboratories, often using techniques like gene cloning or CRISPR, to introduce new traits into organisms. This process is important in various fields, including medicine and agriculture. For example, gene transfer can be used to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that have desirable traits, such as increased resistance to pests or improved nutritional content. It also plays a crucial role in developing gene therapies for treating genetic disorders in humans.