Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material is transferred between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. This can occur between different species, allowing for the sharing of traits such as antibiotic resistance or metabolic capabilities. HGT is particularly common in bacteria, where it can happen through mechanisms like transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This transfer of genes plays a significant role in evolution and adaptation, enabling organisms to quickly acquire new functions. For example, bacteria can gain resistance to antibiotics through HGT, making it a critical factor in public health and the development of treatment strategies.