Gene cloning is a scientific technique used to create copies of a specific gene. This process involves isolating the gene of interest from an organism's DNA and inserting it into a vector, such as a plasmid, which can replicate within a host cell. The host cell, often a bacterium, then reproduces, creating multiple copies of the gene. Once the gene is cloned, it can be studied or used for various applications, such as producing proteins or developing genetically modified organisms. This technique is essential in fields like genetics, medicine, and biotechnology, enabling advancements in research and treatment.