Gemstone grading is the process of evaluating the quality and value of gemstones based on specific criteria. The most common factors considered are color, clarity, cut, and carat weight, often referred to as the "Four Cs." Each of these elements plays a crucial role in determining a gemstone's overall appeal and market price. Grading is typically performed by trained professionals known as gemologists, who use specialized tools to assess each gemstone. The grading process helps consumers make informed decisions when purchasing gemstones, ensuring they understand the quality and value of what they are buying.