Gap junctions are specialized connections between adjacent cells that allow for direct communication. They consist of protein channels called connexons, which form pores that enable the transfer of ions, small molecules, and electrical signals. This communication is crucial for maintaining tissue function and coordinating activities in various organs, such as the heart and brain. These junctions play a vital role in processes like cell signaling and metabolic cooperation. By allowing cells to share information quickly, gap junctions help regulate functions such as muscle contraction and neuronal signaling, ensuring that tissues work harmoniously together.