Gaius Gracchus was a Roman politician and reformer who lived from 154 to 121 BCE. He was the younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus and is best known for his efforts to address social and economic issues in the Roman Republic. Gaius proposed various reforms, including land redistribution and grain subsidies, aimed at helping the lower classes. His political career was marked by conflict with the Senate, which opposed his reforms. Gaius eventually faced significant opposition, leading to his downfall. He died in a violent confrontation in 121 BCE, and his legacy influenced later social movements in Rome and beyond, including the rise of populism.