GM crops, or genetically modified crops, are plants whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology. This process allows scientists to introduce specific traits, such as resistance to pests or tolerance to herbicides, which can enhance crop yield and reduce the need for chemical inputs. These crops are widely used in agriculture around the world, with common examples including Bt cotton and Roundup Ready soybeans. Supporters argue that GM crops can help address food security and reduce environmental impact, while critics raise concerns about potential health risks and ecological effects.