Functional materials are substances designed to have specific properties that enable them to perform particular functions. These materials can be found in various applications, including electronics, energy storage, and environmental protection. Examples include conductive polymers used in flexible electronics and photovoltaic materials that convert sunlight into electricity. The unique characteristics of functional materials often arise from their molecular structure or composition. For instance, nanomaterials can exhibit enhanced strength or electrical conductivity compared to their bulk counterparts. Researchers continue to explore new functional materials to improve technology and address challenges in fields like medicine and sustainability.