A fumigant is a chemical substance used to eliminate pests, insects, and microorganisms in various environments, such as buildings, soil, and stored products. It is typically applied in a gaseous state, allowing it to penetrate hard-to-reach areas and effectively control infestations. Common fumigants include methyl bromide and phosphine. Fumigation is often employed in agriculture and pest control to protect crops and stored goods. The process requires careful handling and safety measures, as fumigants can be toxic to humans and animals. Proper ventilation and protective equipment are essential during and after fumigation to ensure safety.