Frosting techniques are methods used to apply and decorate frosting on cakes and cupcakes. Common techniques include spreading, piping, and smoothing. Spreading involves using a spatula to evenly coat the surface, while piping uses a pastry bag fitted with various tips to create decorative designs. Another popular technique is the use of a bench scraper to achieve a smooth finish on the sides of a cake. Additionally, techniques like ombre frosting, where colors gradually blend, and stenciling for intricate patterns can enhance the visual appeal of baked goods.