Icing techniques are methods used to apply and decorate icing on cakes, cookies, and other baked goods. Common techniques include spreading, piping, and glazing. Spreading involves using a spatula to evenly coat the surface, while piping uses a pastry bag fitted with various tips to create designs and patterns. Glazing is a technique where a thin layer of icing is poured over a cake for a smooth finish. Different types of icing, such as buttercream, royal icing, and fondant, can be used depending on the desired effect. Each type has unique properties; for example, royal icing hardens when dry, making it ideal for intricate decorations. Mastering these techniques allows bakers to enhance the visual appeal of their creations.