Friedrich II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1691-1732), was a German nobleman who ruled over the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. He was known for his efforts to modernize his territory and promote education, culture, and the arts. His reign saw the establishment of several institutions that contributed to the intellectual and cultural development of the region. Friedrich II was also a patron of the famous composer Johann Sebastian Bach, who served as a court musician during his rule. The duke's interest in music and the arts helped foster a vibrant cultural environment, making his court a notable center for artistic activity in the early 18th century.