The freeze-thaw cycle is a natural process that occurs in climates where temperatures fluctuate around the freezing point of water. During this cycle, water seeps into cracks in rocks or soil. When temperatures drop, the water freezes and expands, putting pressure on the surrounding material. As temperatures rise, the ice melts, causing the pressure to release. This repeated freezing and thawing can lead to the gradual breakdown of rocks and soil, contributing to erosion and landscape changes. The freeze-thaw cycle is particularly significant in regions like the Arctic and mountainous areas, where it can shape the terrain over time.