Food preservation methods are techniques used to extend the shelf life of food and prevent spoilage. Common methods include canning, where food is sealed in jars and heated to kill bacteria, and freezing, which slows down the growth of microorganisms. Other methods include drying, which removes moisture, and pickling, where food is preserved in vinegar or brine. These methods help maintain the nutritional value and flavor of food while reducing waste. Fermentation is another popular technique, where beneficial bacteria are used to transform food, enhancing its taste and longevity. Each method has its own advantages and is suitable for different types of food.