Fluid and electrolyte disorders occur when the balance of fluids and essential minerals in the body is disrupted. These disorders can result from various factors, including dehydration, excessive fluid intake, or medical conditions like kidney disease or heart failure. Common electrolytes affected include sodium, potassium, and calcium, which are vital for many bodily functions. Symptoms of fluid and electrolyte disorders can range from mild to severe and may include thirst, muscle cramps, confusion, and irregular heartbeat. Treatment typically involves restoring the balance through hydration, dietary changes, or medications, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the disorder.