Florence, or Firenze, is a city in Italy known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It became a major center of trade and finance during the Middle Ages, leading to its rise as a powerful city-state. The Medici family, influential patrons of the arts, played a crucial role in the city's development during the Renaissance, fostering an environment that produced renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Throughout the centuries, Florence experienced political turmoil, including conflicts between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. It was later unified with the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. Today, Florence is celebrated for its art, architecture, and historical significance, attracting millions of visitors each year.