Flame retardants are chemical substances added to materials to prevent or slow the spread of fire. They are commonly used in products like furniture, textiles, and electronics to enhance safety and reduce the risk of fire-related injuries and property damage. These chemicals work by either releasing water vapor when heated or forming a protective char layer that insulates the material from flames. There are various types of flame retardants, including halogenated compounds, phosphorus-based compounds, and inorganic materials. Each type has different mechanisms of action and applications. While flame retardants improve fire safety, concerns about their environmental impact and potential health risks have led to ongoing research and regulation.