The Mexican War of Independence was a conflict that lasted from 1810 to 1821, aiming to free Mexico from Spanish colonial rule. It began on September 16, 1810, when Miguel Hidalgo, a Catholic priest, issued the famous "Grito de Dolores," calling for rebellion against Spanish authorities. The war involved various leaders and factions, including José María Morelos and Vicente Guerrero, who fought for social and political reforms. After years of struggle, the war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba in 1821, which recognized Mexico's independence. The conflict significantly shaped Mexico's national identity and led to the establishment of a new government, marking the end of three centuries of Spanish dominance.