The First Hellenic Republic was established in 1822 during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire. It marked the first attempt to create a modern Greek state, following centuries of foreign rule. The republic faced numerous challenges, including internal conflicts and external threats, but it laid the groundwork for Greece's eventual independence. In 1832, the republic was replaced by the Kingdom of Greece after the London Protocol, which recognized Greece as a sovereign state. The First Hellenic Republic is significant for its role in shaping Greek national identity and governance, influencing future political developments in the region.