The First Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the Dynasty I, marked the beginning of the historical period of ancient Egypt around 3100 BCE. It is characterized by the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the rule of the first pharaoh, Narmer. This dynasty established the foundations of Egyptian civilization, including the development of writing, monumental architecture, and centralized governance. During the First Dynasty, several significant advancements occurred, including the construction of early royal tombs at Saqqara and the introduction of the hieroglyphic writing system. The dynasty lasted until approximately 2900 BCE and included notable rulers such as Djer and Merneith, who contributed to the establishment of a lasting cultural legacy in Egypt.