Filipa II of Spain, also known as Philip II, was born on May 21, 1527, and became King of Spain in 1556. He was the son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Isabella of Portugal. His reign is noted for the expansion of the Spanish Empire and the establishment of a powerful Spanish fleet. Philip II was a staunch defender of Catholicism and played a significant role in the Counter-Reformation. He is known for his efforts to consolidate power, including the construction of the Escorial, a royal palace and monastery. His reign faced challenges, including conflicts with England and the Dutch Revolt.