Federal subjects are the individual entities that make up a federal state, such as a country. In countries like Russia, federal subjects can include regions, republics, territories, and cities of federal significance. Each federal subject has its own government and administrative structure, allowing for local governance while still being part of the larger nation. In Russia, there are 85 federal subjects, which vary in size, population, and autonomy. These subjects have the power to enact laws and regulations on certain issues, but they must also adhere to the federal laws established by the national government. This system helps balance local needs with national interests.