Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes strong, centralized authority, often led by a dictatorial leader. It promotes nationalism and often seeks to create a homogeneous society by suppressing dissent and opposing ideologies. Fascist regimes typically prioritize the state over individual rights and may use propaganda to maintain control. Historically, notable examples of fascist movements include Benito Mussolini's regime in Italy and Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany. These governments often employed militarism and expansionist policies, leading to significant social and political upheaval, as well as widespread human rights violations during their rule.