False Dmitry II was a pretender to the Russian throne during the early 17th century, claiming to be the son of Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible). He emerged in 1607, capitalizing on the chaos following the death of Tsar Boris Godunov and the subsequent Time of Troubles in Russia. His reign was marked by attempts to gain support from various factions, including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, his rule was short-lived, as he was ultimately defeated and killed in 1610, leading to the end of his claim to the throne and further instability in Russia.