FMRP, or Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the development and function of synapses in the brain. It is encoded by the FMR1 gene, which is located on the X chromosome. FMRP is essential for the regulation of mRNA, influencing the production of proteins necessary for learning and memory. Mutations in the FMR1 gene can lead to Fragile X Syndrome, a genetic condition that causes intellectual disabilities and developmental delays. Individuals with this syndrome often exhibit behavioral challenges, such as anxiety and autism spectrum traits, due to the absence or malfunction of FMRP in their brains.