The FMR1 gene is located on the X chromosome and is responsible for producing a protein called FMRP (Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein). This protein plays a crucial role in the development of synapses, which are essential for communication between neurons in the brain. Mutations or expansions in the FMR1 gene can lead to various disorders, most notably Fragile X syndrome. Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that causes intellectual disabilities and developmental delays, particularly in males. It is the most common inherited cause of autism and can also lead to behavioral challenges. Understanding the FMR1 gene is vital for diagnosing and managing these conditions effectively.