Exascale computing refers to computing systems capable of performing at least one exaflop, or one quintillion (10^18) calculations per second. This level of performance allows researchers to tackle complex problems in fields such as climate modeling, drug discovery, and artificial intelligence. Exascale systems are designed to handle massive amounts of data and run advanced simulations that were previously impossible. The development of exascale computing is driven by the need for faster and more efficient processing power. Countries like the United States and China are investing heavily in this technology to maintain leadership in scientific research and national security. Achieving exascale performance requires innovations in hardware, software, and energy efficiency.