European trade routes were essential pathways for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures across the continent. Key routes included the Silk Road, which connected Europe to Asia, and maritime routes across the Mediterranean Sea. These routes facilitated trade in valuable commodities like spices, textiles, and precious metals. During the Middle Ages, cities such as Venice and Amsterdam became major trading hubs, linking various regions. The rise of the Hanseatic League in Northern Europe further enhanced trade by establishing a network of merchant towns. These routes played a crucial role in shaping Europe's economy and fostering cultural interactions.