European settlement refers to the establishment of communities and colonies by European powers in various parts of the world, particularly from the 15th to the 19th centuries. This process often involved the exploration of new territories, the claiming of land, and the establishment of trade routes. Key players included countries like Spain, France, England, and Portugal, which sought to expand their influence and resources. The impact of European settlement was significant, leading to cultural exchanges, economic changes, and often the displacement of indigenous populations. Settlements ranged from small trading posts to large colonies, influencing the social and political landscapes of regions such as North America, Australia, and parts of Africa.