European courts refer to judicial bodies that interpret and enforce laws within the European Union (EU) and Council of Europe. The most prominent is the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which ensures EU law is applied consistently across member states. It handles cases involving EU institutions, member states, and individuals. Another important court is the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which protects human rights in Europe. It hears cases from individuals and states alleging violations of the European Convention on Human Rights. Both courts play crucial roles in upholding justice and legal standards in Europe.